European Capitals of Culture: Celebrating Heritage and Shaping Urban Growth

Photo by Dan V on Unsplash

Europe’s cities hold more than just infrastructure and buildings—they are the heart of the continent’s rich cultural heritage. This is where the European Capital of Culture initiative brings culture to the forefront of urban life. Since its launch in 1985, this initiative has gone beyond simply celebrating the arts; it has become a tool for cities to reimagine themselves, enhance social cohesion, and encourage long-term development.

As someone who works closely with urban development, I’m constantly reminded that culture isn’t just an accessory in city planning—it’s central to the well-being and vibrancy of urban spaces. The European Capital of Culture programme highlights this by focusing on cities that use their year in the spotlight to strengthen local identity while embracing a European dimension.

Bringing Culture to the Core of Urban Planning

What makes this initiative interesting is how it encourages cities to incorporate culture into their development strategies. It’s not just about organising festivals or events, but about embedding culture into the fabric of the city itself. Bad Ischl (Austria), Bodø (Norway), and Tartu (Estonia)—the 2024 Capitals of Culture—are examples of this approach. These cities are using their titles to promote everything from environmental sustainability to innovation in public spaces.

For instance, Tartu is centring its cultural programme on ecology, blending the arts with a focus on sustainability. This approach highlights the importance of cultural heritage and aligns with modern urban challenges like climate change and sustainable living. It’s an inspiring way to show how culture can lead the way in solving today’s urban issues.

How Culture Can Strengthen Communities

One thing that stands out in cities designated as Capitals of Culture is how they use the title to engage local communities. By involving people in developing their city’s cultural offerings, these cities create spaces where residents feel more connected. Events, public art installations, and cultural activities often foster a sense of pride and belonging, making cities more inclusive and socially connected.

For example, when Matera (Italy) held the title in 2019, the city became a hub for cultural activities, drawing in locals and visitors. The programme didn’t just focus on the arts, but on building community through shared experiences—whether that was through open-air performances or community-driven projects.

The EU’s Role in Supporting Cultural Growth

The European Union plays a crucial role in making this all happen. By providing guidance, funding, and visibility through the European Capital of Culture programme, the EU ensures that cities have the support they need to make a lasting impact. And the benefits are clear—more tourism, economic growth, and social cohesion.

Looking forward, cities like Chemnitz in Germany and Nova Gorica in Slovenia, which will hold the title in 2025, show how culture can be used for urban renewal. These cities, now preparing their cultural programmes, show  that investing in culture isn’t just about boosting tourism; it’s about creating vibrant, liveable spaces that people can be proud of.

In an ever-changing world, initiatives like the European Capital of Culture remind us that culture and urban development go hand in hand. It’s a lesson worth remembering as we continue to shape the cities of tomorrow.